The Hunan countryside
I have gone to time Hunan in August, have arrived Xiao Xiang that slice of thousand a hundred years comes beautiful prosperous land, personal have experienced scenery is majestic , village is graceful. View Qi-Xiu-Juan-Mei of south has the wonder of cave with stalactites and stalagmites , has the beautiful scenery of terraced field; More simultaneously the morals of folk custom, is of long standing , since since Tang, generation book the domestic person of perfume, do not win frequently to count , millenary academy of classical learning, well-known crest ancient is this , is changeable to modern age, 3 Xiang children, have even more composed the great legend of new Chinese history. Should say , the educational sediment achievement of millenary Hunan of modern times.
I cherish respectful mood , am from provincial capital all the way , am to region , go to the countryside village, side travel scenery , is full Lan beautiful scenery, side has investigated county town two level educational systems, in especially Xiang the countryside educational situation of middle and primary school of region. But this road goes , mood is more heavy , countryside middle and primary school when the outstanding contradiction on infrastructure and the problem of teaching resources, though pass the various effort of central government and place, than have great improvement in the past, but what do not allow overlook is that the horizontal gaps of elementary education between province city and county town are pulling big, this kind of gap step by step to show especially, is on the discrepancy of the strength of teaching resources , and it has the tendency aggravated further.
A, countryside
In general, countryside middle and primary school ages generally than age and the countryside lack strength of middle and primary school of teaching resources of the school strength weakness and majority of the city proper of teaching resources , is puzzled by establishment and educational funds problem , has serious problem recently always alternately.
(1 ), it is serious that
Cause present this kind of situation , is on the one hand because the school treatment of the city proper is high, teacher is influenced by economic factor , asks to adjust to go the city proper; On the other hand, as countryside principals reflect , if have the teacher of characteristic only on teaching, the school of the city proper will try everything to come to" dig " , go. I adjust a national poor county that grinds , county town has only 4 public primary schools and 3 middle schools , has again upraised the 2 or 3 middle schools run by the local people in recent years, between these schools, competitive very intense, burgeoning non-government funded school invites teacher for grabing source of students, hiting advantage mainly with teaching resources and stint no effort to spend heavy gold from other school( county key secondary school and village school) , makes excellent teacher go the concentration of county town further as a result, have aggravated countryside school original already the very fragile contradiction of teaching resources.
(2 ), school lacks the professional
Since the countryside treatment of middle and primary schools is not high , from normal school having gotten special field educational teacher does not be willing to stay in countryside , school these last school hours, often is temporary by the teacher of other subjects to be a guest performer. In certain a countryside, study lack full-time music teacher, it is sung that last music school hour uses recorder by the teacher of other subjects to teach students.
(3 ), teacher
This problem when countrysideIt is managed that in 70-80 year, generation turns by community for the interests of the people, now already 50 years old controls , a lot of schools 45 years old above teachers take the 70% of total more. These teachers support the educational undertaking of countryside, their winner of sense of duty works hard for working , for the educational undertaking of countryside make have happened cannot wear away contribution, but now, age is big, the level of educational background is low, knowledge structure ages , accept new teaching theory to slow comparatively, on teaching, there are also few generate new ideases, is nearly impossible to meet the needs of new course reform. And just graduated normal school is raw again draw up fully because of teacher Yuan, can not enter corps of teachers , would not divide countryside school more to teach. Few even if have gone , do not often also take root , is usually dry compare be experienced for some years, on teaching , try to leave countryside school.
2, reform train of thought
It is numerous, educational by the population of our country to put in the insufficient problem of the compulsory education that resource allocation not causes and will solve large countryside region that the difficult condition of countryside now of middle and primary school goes back to root after all, to be not a merit of dynasty a night decidedly, must want to create train of thought fully in line with the policy of vital and lasting project for the attitude with responsible descendants using existing resource and new technical means , keep pace with the times , is exploring and summarizing foundation constantly , find out a solution that accords with Chinese actual conditions of our country the effective channel of the countryside problem of the compulsory education.
Along with the progress of social technical level, the time when distance education that advantage shows step by step, one accesses to solution the spacious road of the countryside educational problem of middle and primary school also is clear therewith.November 2002, the project " Beijing - Changsha - Shao the mountain vehicle of distance education of straight line" that Beijing State Education Commission and Hunan province education department plan together opens , make Hunan have realized middle and primary school to step province real time move distance education mutual zero breakthrough, to educate the reform exploration of teaching recently under form, have made brand-new pattern.
銆€銆€In 2004, country develops and reforms the 3 member alliances of committee, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Education , has started the countryside modern demonstration project of middle and primary school of distance education of experimental unit and the countryside modern work of middle and primary school of distance education of experimental unit one after another. In 2005, the countryside modern project of middle and primary school of distance education enters to implement stage completely.
The countryside modern project
銆€銆€Pattern one is
Allocate34 inches of colored television, DVD play machine and whole set teaching compact disk. Pass through play teaching compact disk for student give lessons and guidance. It is that countryside school layout adjustment needs the teaching point of reservation certainly mainly to allocate object, it is in average each and some to invest in budget 3000 Yuan.
銆€銆€Pattern 2 is
Allocate satelliteThe teaching that DVD play machine and 1-6 year level need compact disk. Through the Chinese educational satellite transmission network of wide band, take over high quality resources for education fast in large quantities , and at the same time have the function of the teaching play point of compact disk. Equipment is town central primary school for elephant and has little village. Each some investment budget 16 thousand Yuan.
銆€銆€Pattern 3 is
Allocate satellite to take over systematic, network computer classroom, multi-media classroom and the teaching play equipment of compact disk. Its characteristic is to be able to still offer the learning environment under network condition for student besides having the 2 all functions of pattern. Equipment is countryside junior high for elephant. It is in average each to count budget150 thousand
The countryside strength of teaching resources is insufficient, basic problem still lies in system and educational funds to put in machine made aspect , but at present situation take off, system transform is not the most sensible method, and have the aid of distance education , happen to be able to alleviate the contradiction of the high quality resources for education of the city proper and the village gap of teaching resources , is the current effective channel that solves the countryside problem of middle and primary school of teaching resources.
3, the project
ThisIn June, Ministry of Education has announced the teaching compact disk " the 2006 countryside modern projects of middle and primary school of distance education" to buy pre-qualification qualified supplier and catalogue item , has guaranteed the pattern a application effect of pattern 2 efficiently.
TheIn August, the department of Ministry of Education of elementary education has sent " about make the free notice that department region countryside middle and primary school offers the work of high quality resources for education east ", requirement the places such as Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai State Education Commission( education department), make a success of free east department countryside middle and primary school offers the modern project work of distance education of resources for education, having put forward the countryside modern project service system of middle and primary school of distance education of resources for education build working scheme, principle stipulates scheme:
1With the communication way satellite data broadcast and internet, combination is searched for , the technologies such as grid and equal calculation, found by country , province and land the distribution type service system of resources for education that city and county different levels resource centers cooperate with mutually.
2According to needs, the type redundancy of
3National resource sends different
4Every place offers whole country the resource
5 Protection of intellectual property passes through use person really well-known system registered realization, user message from different levels maintenances, national centralized control, guarantee user attest is consistent and shortcut. Teacher registered message adopts the message in existing system as far as possible.
Compared with pattern a, pattern 2, the advantage of pattern 3 lies in the application of network , may get huge, newest resources for education with the connection of resource storehouse through being , at the same time, have the aid of related educational software, can realize two lands online real time move mutual to exchange , pass to so lead into" fresh person" factor, having overcome the simple teaching lack of compact disk in pattern a, pattern 2 mutual move abuse.
Beijing has now established the Beijing, as source application is focal point, with realization, common construction resources for education shares resources for education and the resource management with extensive alternating resources for education of goal and alternating platform system generally. If can be on this foundation , realization Beijing excellent teacher resource and the countryside middle and primary schools of central and western regions teacher and student move mutual to exchange , can have the application effect of the platform of distance education( pattern 3) greatly vigorously surely, this for solution the tense present countryside teaching resources of middle and primary school, protection is educational to put in , ensure that working tangible results has major meaning.
Beijing is country capital, the educational undertaking of Beijing also always leaves from nation-wide overall interest, have undertaken to support midwest , especially the important task of countryside region, and we are a member on the battle line of apply IT to education, will even more remember the Party Central Committee about " with informationalize drives educational development " strategy and policy, make contribution with our each some sturdy work for the education of a hundred years of country.
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