Present situation and the history of IP address

1 , the historical

( 1) early stage IP address: Since the experiment that American Ministry of National Defense authorizes ARPANET to carry out internet in 1969 , have announced the birth of internet , IP address also starts using therewith. In the beginning, since the quantity of host computer is few, IP address is used to distinguish different host computer mainly, people are free for the use of IP address, but as host computer grow , many abuses of this kind of phenomenon also show , had been put out step by step along with a lot of classification agreements, this kind of phenomenon is also changing gradually, this stage the IP address of use may be called as early IP address.

( 2) IPv4 address: In 1982, DCA and ARPA net have worked out network transmission control agreement( TCP) and Internet protocol( IP), this agreement group had been abbreviated normally for the agreement of TCP / IP, TCP / IP has founded future network communication pattern. Beginning from the Internet and agreement of TCP / IP, use IPv4 address and 32 bits, usually use 4 some minutes decimal numeral expression. It is formed mainly by two parts: Part is used in identification to belong to the network address of network; Another minute is used in marking to give the address of host computer of the certain specific host computer on network. To offer necessary flexibility to the network of different scale, the designer of IP divides IP address space , aim at for the partition of some different address classifications and address classifications in the network of different big and small scales.

( 3) IPv6 address: As even net mutual to develop speed accelerate constantly, no matter CIDR technical still NAT conversion technology, can not prevent IPv4 address resource exhaust , it is extremely urgent for the requirement of the enough big IP address space in the IP agreement of next generation. To satisfy the address demand of internet increasing expansion, after IETF( the internet project special work group of Internet Engineering Task Force) pass long research beginning from July 1994, have put forward this a edition of IPv6 of IP agreement, now people have begun for IPv6 address carry out and part application. IPv6 address 128( 16 bytes) write 8 16 have no symbol integer, every integer enters system with 4 16s position expression, use colon between these numbers(: ) part , simplify , so long as guaranteeing that number value does not change , may leave out preceding 0 , is other, still stipulate may use symbol: : Express a series of 0.

2 , the present

( 1) IP the distribution

What adopt because of the distribution of IPv4 address is the principle of " arrive first first get, according to need to distribute ", internet in global every country and every country the development of every area again is not balanced very much, this certainly will cause plenty of IP address resources to concentrate the condition that spreads in some developed regions of every country and some developed countries. The IPv4 address that whole world may offer has probably more than 40 100 million, between estimate in future 5 years will be distributed completely; And the condition of our country is more stern, the netizen of our country has broken through 100 million , and ends for the end of last year, the address of IPv4 that our country applies for in all only 60 million controls.

The distribution condition of IPv6 address also presents serious distribution not balanced sign. From 1999, RIR( the internet regional authoritative organization of resource allocation) begins to distribute IPv6 address , ends for June 2004, in the 606 pieces of address that whole world already distributes , the address total of American, Japanese, German, Dutch, British 5 national distributions takes the 48% of global total, China has only 11 pieces , takes 1.8% only. And according to the data of the newest telecommunications research institute of Ministry of Information Industry, show that end for November 2004 in, the 725 pieces of address of IPv6 that whole world has distributed , 99 pieces of America and 73 pieces of Japanese, German 72 pieces, and China has only 14 pieces.

( 2) IP the application

Because of IP address distribution is not balanced very much, making genuine, in application, have arisen the present situation of partial areas of partial countries and some countries that is not enough to use , this has also arisen the IP phenomenon of address resource transregional region trade.

Though everybody understands that the resource of IPv4 address is already deficient, IP agreement has been historical and inevitable from IPv4 transition to IPv6, Ipv6 address has been also distributed beginning from 1999, now, experiment net 6 Bone of IPv6 has spread all over whole world, but present present situation, what global countries nearly use completely is still IPv4 address, existing nearly every network and its equipment that joins support IPv4. Therefore to be completed in short period from IPv4 to the conversion of IPv6, it is not practical occasion. IPv6 must the remained problem of supporting and handling IPv4 system , may foresee , IPv4 then can be completed to the time of IPv6 that transitional needs pretty grow.